Belt conveyor

The belt conveyor realizes continuous displacement of materials through the circular motion of the ring conveyor belt. Its technical system covers three categories: light, general and heavy, which can adapt to the transportation needs of different scenarios. Belt conveyors have developed various forms such as fixed, mobile and space turning. The transportation capacity of a single machine covers tens of tons to tens of thousands of tons, and the transportation distance exceeds ten kilometers. Working principle of belt conveyor
The core operating mechanism of the belt conveyor is based on the principle of friction transmission. The equipment drives the transmission drum to rotate through the motor, and uses the friction between the drum surface and the conveyor belt to pull the belt body to form a continuous circulation motion. The typical power system consists of a three-phase asynchronous motor, a hardened gear reducer, a hydraulic coupler and a brake device. The surface of the transmission drum adopts a diamond pattern casting process to ensure that the friction coefficient is stable in the range of 0.35-0.40. The material is supported by the roller group in the load-bearing section to form a flat carrying surface, and the return section relies on the V-type roller group to control the running trajectory of the belt body. The tensioning device maintains the tension of the conveyor belt through a heavy hammer or hydraulic structure to ensure the stable operation of the system. The conveyor belt is a core load-bearing component, which adopts a multi-layer rubber fiber composite structure. The thickness of the covering layer can be adjusted between 3-15 mm according to the material properties. The tensile strength of the steel cord conveyor belt can reach 800-5600 N/mm, which is suitable for long-distance and large-volume conditions; the fabric core conveyor belt uses nylon and polyester as the core material, which has both flexibility and impact resistance. The drive device achieves stepless speed regulation of 0.1-1.2 times the rated speed through the variable frequency drive system. The brake device adopts a hydraulic push rod brake, and the adjustable braking torque range covers 50%-150% of the rated torque.
The roller assembly includes a drive roller and a redirecting roller. The ratio of the drive roller diameter to the belt width is usually maintained between 0.8-1.2, and the surface treatment process includes three forms: smooth, cast rubber, and rubber coating. The redirecting roller adopts a self-aligning bearing seat structure, which allows a maximum axis deviation angle of 2 degrees to effectively compensate for installation errors. The roller group is composed of groove rollers, buffer rollers, self-aligning rollers, etc. The groove roller group adopts a standard groove angle design of 35 degrees, which can carry 40% more materials than flat rollers; the buffer roller is arranged in the drop point area, the rubber disc diameter is 300 mm, and the impact energy absorption rate exceeds 70%. Application scenarios of belt conveyors
In the field of mining, belt conveyors are the core equipment for transporting raw coal in open-pit coal mines. A single system can achieve a transportation capacity of 5,000 tons/hour and a transportation distance of more than 10 kilometers. By configuring an automatic sampling device and an online ash detector, real-time monitoring of coal quality can be achieved. In the port logistics system, the container terminal uses a mobile belt conveyor and a bridge crane to work together. The conveyor belt width is 2,200 mm and the operating speed is 4.5 m/s. The deviation is controlled within 2% of the bandwidth with the automatic deviation correction device; the bulk cargo terminal uses a tubular belt conveyor to prevent the flying of materials, and the pipe diameter can reach 600 mm.
The power production system has strict requirements on the stability of belt conveyors. The coal transportation system of coal-fired power plants adopts dual-line redundant configuration, and the processing capacity of a single line is 1,500 tons/hour. By arranging electronic belt scales and iron removers, the fuel metering accuracy is ±0.5%, and the metal foreign matter removal rate reaches 99.8%. In the metallurgical processing industry, sintering plants use high-temperature resistant belt conveyors, the working temperature of the conveyor belt can reach 200 degrees Celsius, and the supporting water cooling system controls the temperature of the rollers; in the transportation of pelletized ore, corrugated sidewall conveyor belts are used to achieve a 60-degree inclination lift, and the vertical lifting height of a single machine exceeds 80 meters. Advantages of belt conveyors
Continuous transportation capacity: The equipment can realize 7×24 hours of uninterrupted operation, which is suitable for production scenarios that require stable material supply; Large-volume and long-distance transportation: The transportation capacity of a single belt conveyor can reach 5,000 tons/hour, and the transportation distance exceeds 10 kilometers, reducing the transfer link;
Strong adaptability: By configuring special conveyor belts such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and explosion-proof, it can adapt to the working temperature of -30℃ to 200℃, meeting the needs of multiple industries such as mining, ports, electricity, and metallurgy.
In addition, the equipment maintenance implements a three-level maintenance system. Daily inspections focus on the status of the conveyor belt interface, the flexibility of roller rotation, and the wear of the roller surface; monthly maintenance requires the completion of tensioning device stroke calibration, reducer oil level inspection, and brake clearance adjustment; annual overhaul includes conveyor belt vulcanization joint detection, roller bearing replacement, and metal structural flaw detection. In terms of safety protection, the emergency pull-wire switch is arranged at a spacing of 50 meters, the two-way sound and light alarm device covers the entire transportation route, and the interlocking control system realizes the logical control of multi-point start and stop. Lightweight equipment of belt conveyors is characterized by flexible deployment and is suitable for short-distance and small-batch material handling; general-purpose equipment forms a balance between transportation volume and distance, becoming the standard configuration for ports, power and other industries; heavy equipment breaks through the 10,000-ton transportation volume with a single-machine model, supporting the operation of large open-pit mines. In terms of equipment form, fixed belt conveyors provide stable transportation channels, mobile models adapt to dynamic operation needs, and spatial turning designs break through the limitations of traditional straight-line transportation and realize material transportation on complex paths.